Situated just 5 km away from the historic Lohagad Fort and a mere 15 km journey from the scenic town of Lonavala, the Bhaja Caves stand as a proud emblem of the Hinayana Buddhist tradition in Maharashtra. With Pune only 71 km to the east and Mumbai 119 km to the west, these caves are a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the region. Recognized as one of the top attractions in Lonavala, the Bhaja Caves are also celebrated as a significant historical site near Pune and Mumbai.
Bhaja Caves History
Bhaja Caves are often hailed as the finest representation of Buddhist cave architecture in India. Perched atop the hill village of Bhaja in the Pune district, near the picturesque town of Lonavala, these caves are a marvel of ancient craftsmanship and religious significance. Dating back to the 2nd century BC, they are not only among the oldest caves in Western India but also a testament to the enduring legacy of Buddhism in the region.
As you step into the cool confines of the caves, you are transported back in time to an era where monks meditated, and artisans chiseled away to create the intricate carvings and stupas that stand to this day.
Bhaja Caves are more than just a historical site; they are a journey through India’s rich spiritual heritage, offering a glimpse into the lives and beliefs of the Buddhist monks who once inhabited them. History enthusiast, a spiritual seeker, or simply in awe of ancient architecture, the Bhaja Caves are a destination that truly embodies the essence of India’s Buddhist roots.
Architecture of Bhaja Caves
Bhaja Caves in Lonavala are a remarkable ensemble of Buddhist rock-cut architecture, ranking among the oldest in the region. Cluster of 22 caves is divided into chaityas (caves 12-14), which are the prayer halls, and viharas (caves 1-11 and 15-22), serving as the living quarters or dormitories for the monks.
Cave 12: Architectural Crown Jewel
Among the array of caves, Cave 12 stands out as the most intricate and elaborate. It is a spacious rectangular hall, crowned with an arched horseshoe-shaped ceiling that gleams with a polished finish. This cave is revered as the principal chaitya, or prayer hall, and is anchored by a majestic stupa measuring 3.45 meters in diameter at its far end.
Glimpse into Ancient Craftsmanship
Chaitya showcases exquisite wooden architecture, with beams of Burmese teak supporting the ceiling, a rare sight in the annals of ancient Indian monastic dwellings. Cave is also supported by several wooden octagonal pillars, each meticulously crafted to bear the weight of history.
Viharas: Sanctuaries of Solitude
Bhaja Caves are also home to numerous rock-cut viharas, each fronted by pillared verandas. These viharas contain small cells, outfitted with stone beds for ascetic living. Some cells feature stone benches and water cisterns, providing a glimpse into the daily lives of the monks. Most viharas are single-storied, a select few boast a double-storied structure, adding to the grandeur of the complex.
Bhaja caves Timings and Entry Fees
Timings: Open from 9 AM to 5 PM, allowing you ample time to marvel at the architectural brilliance and soak in the tranquility of this historical site.
For a nominal Entry Fees of Rs. 5 per person, you can explore this ancient wonder.
Best time to visit Bhaja Caves
Best time to visit Bhaja Caves is in winter, from November to February. Weather is the most comfortable during those days to complete the trek and explore the cave complex. Winter season is an excellent time to trek to many other tourist places near the caves.
If you’re a nature lover, you can also visit Bhaja Caves in monsoon (July-August). The place gets a fresh green cover in monsoon, and nearby streams are fully flowing.
Bhaja Caves Location
PFHJ+9J3, Bhaje Caves Road, District, near Bhaja Village, Maval, Lonavala, Maharashtra 412106
How To Reach Bhaja Caves?
To reach the Bhaja Caves, you have several options depending on your starting point and preferred mode of transportation:
By Road:
- From Mumbai: Caves are approximately 119 km from Mumbai. You can drive via the Mumbai-Pune Expressway and then take the exit towards Lonavala. From there, follow the signs to Bhaja Caves.
- From Pune: At about 71 km from Pune, take the Mumbai-Pune Expressway and exit at Lonavala. Follow local signs to reach the caves.
By Train:
- Nearest railway station is Malavli, which is about 3 km away from the caves. Local trains from Mumbai and Pune stop at Malavli. From there, you can take an auto-rickshaw or walk to the caves.
By Air:
- Closest major airport is in Pune. From Pune, you can rent a car or take a train to Malavli and continue as mentioned above.
Please note that the caves are open from 9 AM to 5 PM and there is a nominal entry fee. It’s advisable to check the latest travel advisories and opening hours before planning your visit.
Visiting Tips
- Wear comfortable shoes.
- Carry water and light snacks.
- People with health problems should avoid the trek.
- Bhaja Caves has 200+ stairs.
- Many stairs are steep and uneven.
Things to do at Bhaja Caves
- Trekking to Bhaja Caves – Cave complex is on a hilltop near Bhaja village. A short Bhaja Caves trek leads you to the entrance. The trail is around 2-3 km long with 200+ steps cut out for easy access to the caves. It’s popular among backpackers and hikers. Trek is considered moderately challenging because of its steep slope, the rugged terrain and the number of steps involved.
- Marvelling at the majestic architecture – Cave complex has been standing here for over 2000 years. It boasts an intricate rock-cut architecture forming several prayer halls and residential caves. Main prayer hall (Cave 12) is the highlight of Bhaja Caves. It’s several metres high, with an arched gateway. Other prominent features of the cave are horseshoe-shaped ceiling, mythological wall carvings and wooden architecture.
- Admiring ancient arts in the complex – Cave 12 in Bhaja Caves is one of the oldest surviving chaitya halls in India. Complex also has several other caves with a display of ancient artistry that reflects the religious beliefs of the time. Paintings and statues of Buddha, depictions from Indian mythology and animal figures are among the most prominent artistic elements in the caves. Some of them are pretty detailed with delicate carvings.
- Checking out Bhaja Caves stupas – Bhaja Caves have several stupas within the caves and outside. Largest among them is in Cave 12. These stupas have detailed carvings and inscriptions, contributing to the overall sacred ambiance of the place. A few of the stupas also have relics of the monks who lived here.
- Exploring other places near Bhaja Caves – Area surrounding the caves has many other points of interest that you can explore on foot. Visapur Fort and Lohagad Fort are among the most popular destinations many trekkers visit while exploring Bhaja Caves. Waterfall near Bhaja Caves is a popular spot for picnics and camping.
Bhaja Caves are not just a destination; they are a narrative etched in stone, telling tales of a time when monks sought enlightenment and artisans created wonders. Visit to these caves is an opportunity to walk in the footsteps of history and experience the tranquility that has been preserved through the ages. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a spiritual seeker, or a curious traveler, the Bhaja Caves await to unfold their stories before you. So come, discover, and be part of the living history that is the Bhaja Caves.
